Description: This cotton Connecticut state flag is a blue field bearing a white gold-trimmed scroll which reads "Qui Transtulit Sustinet" or "He who transplanted still sustains". Above is a Baroque shield displaying three grape vines, each bearing three bunches and four leaves. The shield was associated with the Saybrook Colony which Connecticut purchased in 1644. (Across the Long Island Bay from Eastern Long Island, New York) The current design was made official in 1897. The dimensions of the flag are 125 by 185 cm. Maker's mark indicates it was manufactured by The Valley Forge Flag Factory located at the corner of Yost Avenue and Main Street in Spring City, Pennsylvania. Artifact acquired between 1950 and 1970. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: H65506_001
Subjects: Ceremonial artifact; Communication artifact; Textile--cotton; State Flags --Connecticut; Colonial America;
Places: Connecticut, United States
 

Description: This photograph is a black-and-white image of a colorful mural titled "Drift toward Industrialism,” painted in 1937 by artist Karl Anderson (1874-1956). The mural, also known as “Exodus to the Cities,” is located in the former post office building in Bedford, Ohio. The building now houses the offices of Doty & Miller Architects, 600 Broadway Avenue. As seen in the photograph, the mural surrounds an office door. The mural portrays the widespread migration of workers, families, and young people from small towns and rural areas to large industrial cities during the late 19th century. In the lower left corner, a bearded farmer stands behind a horse-drawn plow and raises his right arm in farewell to the stream of people headed toward a cityscape visible in the background. A young girl clutches her mother’s arm and looks back at the place she is leaving and to which she’ll probably never return. An older mother embraces her daughter while an elderly man dressed in a Civil War uniform sits morosely on the sidelines. Karl Anderson was born Carl James Anderson in Morning Sun, Ohio. His parents, Irwin M. and Emma Anderson, and their family of seven children lived in various communities in the state but eventually settled in Clyde (Sandusky County). Karl’s younger brother Sherwood, the noted American author, based his famous short-story collection "Winesburg, Ohio" on his memories of life in Clyde. Karl Anderson became a noted painter, illustrator, and engraver. The mural was funded by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Section of Painting and Sculpture, one of the department’s three visual arts programs instituted during the Great Depression. Established in 1934, the Section of Painting and Sculpture commissioned artists to create paintings and sculpture that would decorate new federal buildings. The commissions were awarded competitively. Unlike other cultural programs of the New Deal, the Section’s primary goal was to procure art for public buildings, not to provide work relief. The post office in West Haven, Connecticut, features the second of two murals that Karl Anderson created for the program. Anderson died in 1956 in Westport, Connecticut, where he had lived since 1912. Nicknamed “the Dean of Westport Painters,” he was part of the thriving arts community there. In 1988 photographer Connie Girard took color and black-and-white images of this mural for an article in "Timeline" magazine (June/July 1989). View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04496
Subjects: Anderson, Karl, 1874-1956; Mural paintings (visual works); Post office buildings--Ohio; United States. Department of the Treasury. Section of Painting and Sculpture; Great Depression and the New Deal; Cuyahoga County (Ohio)
Places: Bedford (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph is a black-and-white image of a colorful mural titled "Mail—The Connecting Link’," painted in 1938 by artist Sally F. Haley (1908-2007). The mural depicts the significant role that mail (and the postal service) plays in the life of individuals and of the entire nation. Three human figures (a mail carrier, a woman, and a little girl) occupy the center of the image, forming a triangular space that divides the background between urban and rural settings. The mail carrier is delivering a letter to the woman as the little girl watches. Bags of mail travel to distant locations via trains (rural areas and small towns) and boats (large urban areas). On the left side the mural, a railroad signal bears the number “1938,” the year that Haley painted the mural. The mural, painted in oil on canvas, is located in the McConnelsville, Ohio, post office. It measures 5 feet high by 17 feet wide. The mural was funded by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Section of Painting and Sculpture, one of the department’s three visual arts programs instituted during the Great Depression. Established in 1934, the Section of Painting and Sculpture commissioned artists to create paintings and sculpture that would decorate new federal buildings. The commissions were awarded competitively. Unlike other cultural programs of the New Deal, the Section’s primary goal was to procure art for public buildings, not to provide work relief. Born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, Sally Haley was the daughter of Elizabeth Akers Haley and John P. Haley, a portrait photographer. John Haley was a friend of photographers Alfred Stieglitz and Edward Steichen. Two of Sally’s brothers also became artists. In 1931, Sally Haley graduated from Yale University with a bachelor of fine arts degree. She taught art in a Bridgeport high school for two years, studied art in Germany for a few months, and then returned to the U.S. to paint full time. In 1935 she married artist Michele Russo, and the couple lived in Connecticut until 1947, when they moved to Portland, Oregon. Haley was very active in the Portland art scene, and her paintings were widely praised. She died in 2007 at age 99. In 1988 photographer Connie Girard took color and black-and-white images of this mural for an article in "Timeline" magazine (June/July 1989). View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04495
Subjects: Mural paintings (visual works); Post office buildings--Ohio; United States. Department of the Treasury. Section of Painting and Sculpture; Great Depression and the New Deal; McConnelsville (Ohio)
Places: McConnelsville (Ohio); Morgan County (Ohio)
 

Description: This carte de visite depicts General John Sedgwick, who served in the Union Army during the Civil War. Sedcgwick was regarded as a solid, dependable, if unaggressive, general. A native of Cornwall, Connecticut, he fought at Yorktown, Seven Pines, Antietam, Chancellorsville, and the Wilderness, and was killed by a sniper's bullet at the Battle of Spotsylvania Courthouse. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV200_b03_f33_48
Subjects: Ohio--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Pictorial works; United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Photographs
Places: Ohio; Cornwall (Connecticut)
 

Description: Harriet Beecher Stowe was an abolitionist and author of "Uncle Tom's Cabin." Born in Litchfield, Connecticut, she later moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, where she met her future husband, Calvin Stowe, a professor at Lane Theological Seminary. In 1852, she published "Uncle Tom's Cabin," an anti-slavery novel which depicted the harsh realities of slavery and helped fuel the abolitionist cause in the United States. This illustration appears in "Howe's Historical Collections of Ohio," published in 1907. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04185
Subjects: Authors, American--Ohio; Abolitionists; Slavery; Cultural Ohio--Literary Ohio; Lane Theological Seminary (Cincinnati, Ohio)
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: This image is a photographic reproduction of an engraved portrait of Manasseh Cutler (1742-1823). The artist portrays Cutler in his mature years: a clean-shaven man with slightly wavy hair and a serene expression. He wears a clergyman's collar with Geneva bands. The engraving includes Cutler's signature and a notation by the engraver: "Eng'd by J. C. [John Chester] Buttre, N.Y." Cutler was a major figure in the settling of Ohio in the years following the American Revolution. Born in Connecticut, he was descended from a long line of clergymen but entered Yale to become an attorney, thus breaking with family tradition. He graduated in 1765 but worked as a schoolteacher and store clerk before becoming an attorney. However, disenchanted by his current life, Cutler eventually pursued the clergy as his career choice. He became the minister of the Congregational Church in Ispwich, Massachusetts, in 1771 and held that post until his death. Although Cutler finally had settled on a career, he still pursued many outside interests. During the American Revolution, he was a committed patriot and served as a chaplain for several military units. The war caused serious economic problems in Massachusetts, and Cutler's parishioners faced great difficulty in paying their minister's salary. To supplement his income, Cutler studied medicine. When a smallpox epidemic struck Massachusetts in 1779, Cutler cared for as many as forty patients at a time. He also studied astronomy and was especially fond of determining the distance between the Earth and certain stars with a telescope and sextant. In a different field of study, he provided the first detailed account of plant life in New England, identifying roughly 350 different species. Because of these scientific endeavors, he was selected as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He continued with his scientific interests until his death. In 1786, Cutler joined several other Revolutionary War veterans, including Rufus Putnam and Winthrop Sargent, in forming the Ohio Company of Associates. They hoped to secure from the Confederation Congress the right to develop land in the Ohio Country. After company representative Samuel Parsons failed to secure the land grant, Cutler entered negotiations with the Congress on behalf of the Ohio Company. Present while the Congress debated the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, Cutler played a vital role in that document's eventual adoption. Some scholars claim that Cutler was responsible for this document's anti-slavery provisions. He also secured from the Congress the Ohio Company's right to purchase up to 1.5 million acres of land in Ohio for roughly eight cents an acre. In December 1787, Putnam led the first group of settlers to Ohio. In April 1788, where the Muskingum River flows into the Ohio River, the Ohio Company established Marietta. Cutler visited the settlement later that year and actively investigated the area. His primary interest was in earth mounds that he believed had been created centuries earlier by a Native American civilization. He returned to Massachusetts in 1789 and played an active role in Massachusetts's government for the next two decades. In 1795, President George Washington offered him a position as judge in the Northwest Territory, but Cutler refused. He did not return to Ohio after his trip in 1788. He died in Hamilton, Massachusetts, on July 28, 1823. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07015
Subjects: Cutler, Manasseh, 1742-1823; Clergy; Ohio Company (1786-1795); Portraits; United States. Ordinance of 1787; Northwest Territory--History
 

Description: Portrait of an unidentified Shaker woman, ca. 1880-1899. She is wearing the typical dress of women who were members of the religious sect. The Shakers were a religious group spread throughout Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, Georgia, and Florida. They believed in celibacy, community, equality of the sexes, simplicity, and humility. The men were referred to as "brothers" and the women "sisters." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL02699
Subjects: Shakers--History; Multicultural Ohio--Religion in Ohio; Women and religion--United States; Shakers--Clothing
Places: Springfield (Massachusetts)
 

Description: Harriet Beecher Stowe was a prominent abolitionist and author of "Uncle Tom's Cabin." Born in Litchfield, Connecticut, she later moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, where she met her future husband, Calvin Stowe, a professor at Lane Theological Seminary. In 1852, she published "Uncle Tom's Cabin," an anti-slavery novel that depicted the harsh realities of slavery and helped fuel the abolitionist cause in the United States. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04184
Subjects: Authors, American--Ohio; Abolitionists; Slavery; Cultural Ohio--Literary Ohio; Lane Theological Seminary (Cincinnati, Ohio)
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: This engraved image is portrait of Samuel Huntington (1765-1817), the third governor of Ohio, who served one two-year term from 1808-1810. This profile portrait shows Huntington as a beardless young man with chin-length hair combed back over his collar. His shirtfront has a modest ruffle, and his jacket has a narrow collar. The son of a minister, Samuel Huntington was born in Coventry, Connecticut, on October 4, 1765. He attended Dartmouth and Yale Colleges before studying the law, practicing in Connecticut from 1793 to 1800. In 1800, Huntington traveled to the Northwest Territory, visiting the Connecticut Western Reserve and Marietta. The following year, he moved his family to the fledgling community of Cleveland, which was still located in the midst of the wilderness. In 1807, Huntington traded his land in Cleveland for a tract of land in Painesville Township, co-founding the community of Fairport and developing a number of business interests there. Within a very short time of his move to Ohio, Huntington became active in territorial politics. He served as lieutenant colonel of the Trumbull County militia, supervisor of the roads, and a justice of the peace. Huntington became very involved in the debate over Ohio statehood, siding against Governor Arthur St. Clair's attempts to impede the statehood process. In 1802, he served as a member of the first constitutional convention, allying himself with men such as Thomas Worthington and Edward Tiffin. Once Ohio became a state in 1803, Huntington served as a judge on the Ohio Supreme Court, along with Return J. Meigs, Jr. and William Sprigg. In 1804, Huntington became chief justice of the court. As chief justice, one of his most famous cases was Rutherford v. M'Fadden (1807). Modeling the state's supreme court after the United States Supreme Court, in this ruling Huntington and his fellow justices determined that the court had the right to declare state laws unconstitutional. This decision placed the court at odds with members of the state legislature, who felt that the court was trying to reduce their power to make laws. This decision became an issue in the gubernatorial election of 1808, when Huntington ran against fellow Democratic-Republicans Worthington and Thomas Kirker. His opponents argued in favor of the sovereignty of the state legislature in making laws, while Huntington continued to argue that the Supreme Court had the authority to declare laws unconstitutional. Because Worthington and Kirker divided their supporters' votes, Huntington was able to win the election and became Ohio's third governor, serving from 1808 to 1810. Huntington's term as governor was not without controversy. Although he himself was not targeted, the state legislature tried to impeach two other judges for decisions similar to the Rutherford v. M'Fadden case. These impeachment proceedings were ultimately unsuccessful. The two judges, Calvin Pease and George Tod, maintained their positions by a single vote each. The state capital was moved to Zanesville for a time, and there was continued debate over its permanent location. In addition, there was considerable unease about potential military conflict with Great Britain, which ultimately did occur with the War of 1812. Choosing not to run for reelection as governor in 1810, Huntington instead ran against Worthington for U.S. Senator. He was unsuccessful in this election and returned home after finishing out his term as governor. During the War of 1812, General William Henry Harrison appointed him army paymaster. On June 8, 1817, Huntington was killed in an accident while supervising the construction of a road near his home. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05853
Subjects: Huntington, Samuel, 1765-1817; Governors--Ohio; Ohio. Supreme Court; Ohio History--State and Local Government